The Science
The most researched form of cellular energy support.
NAD+ powers how every cell in your body produces energy. NMN is the direct precursor your body converts into NAD+ — and it's the form behind more published human clinical trials than any other NAD+ booster on the market. It's why we built Vault8 around it.
The problem.
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme every cell needs to convert food into usable energy, repair DNA, and regulate metabolism. Research consistently shows NAD+ levels decline as we age, which has been linked to reduced cellular energy output and slower recovery.
The solution.
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a direct precursor your body converts into NAD+. In a dose-ranging human trial, blood NAD+ concentrations increased significantly across all NMN-treated groups within 30 days, with the largest increases at 600mg and 900mg daily doses.
The studies speak for themselves.
- 10+ randomized controlled trials on NMN supplementation in humans to date.
- 437+ patients studied across a 2024 systematic review of NMN physical-performance trials.
- Doses up to 900mg/day shown to be well tolerated in healthy adults, with no serious adverse events reported.
Study highlights
Aerobic capacity
In a 6-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, NMN supplementation combined with exercise training improved aerobic capacity in amateur runners. Read the study
Insulin sensitivity
In a 10-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial at Washington University, NMN supplementation improved muscle insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling in prediabetic, overweight postmenopausal women. Read the study
Healthy-aging markers
In a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants taking NMN reported significantly better quality-of-life scores (SF-36) than placebo, and their blood biological age remained stable over 60 days while it increased in the placebo group. Read the study
Muscle function
Chronic NMN supplementation elevated blood NAD+ levels and altered muscle function in healthy older men in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Read the study
Cardiovascular health
Long-term NMN supplementation was associated with improved arterial stiffness measures in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Read the study
What is NAD+, exactly?
NAD+ is a coenzyme found in every cell in your body, required for converting food into usable energy and for repairing DNA. Your body produces it naturally, but that production slows with age — one of the most consistent findings in NAD+ research over the past two decades, including foundational work from Harvard Medical School's Sinclair Lab on NAD+'s role in aging and DNA repair.
Why NMN specifically?
NAD+ itself is poorly absorbed when taken orally and is unstable in the body. Researchers have instead focused on precursors — molecules the body converts into NAD+ internally — primarily NMN and NR (nicotinamide riboside). NMN sits one metabolic step closer to NAD+ than NR, and it's the form used in the majority of published human trials to date, including the studies cited above.
Ongoing research
NAD+ biology remains an active area of study. Multiple trials are currently underway examining long-term NAD+ precursor supplementation in older adults, including the NADage Study (NCT06208527), a long-term randomized trial of NAD+ replenishment therapy against functional decline in aging.
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These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Individual results from published research may not reflect outcomes for any specific product or individual, and are not a guarantee of results.